Hello I'm just letting people know they were gonna take a few more minutes just to let people to come back from lunch will be starting soon.

Welcome back from lunch I hope you're enjoying the food. So next up we are welcoming Dr. Scott Fleming. Scott works here at the science Institute, and he leads the branch that builds data search forms for all the different space telescopes that we hold. Like capillaries and such. He also needs a certification software process called us on a five. So he's going to explain what is data certification. And how we can certify astronomy data in a band or be an interactive game show where you will test your listening skills with certifications made from ask actual telescope data so please give a warm welcome to Scott.

I think thank you everyone. How is my volume? Good on the run? Thank you everyone. And I'm pleased to get this presentation about our work on Sonification. A nominee Jan would be doing this with me because she's one of the core members but she's busy today so I am flying solo but it is a good project so really quick, especially for people online this is certification. I will be playing sounds that are not coming from my own mouth. This is Sonification after all, so if you are online, you may want to plug in some headphones if you haven't been doing that just figured that good sound quality. And if you do a reminder to make sure that you plug in the device and you make sure you the device you want to use is connected to your headphone. So the agenda for the presentation at our first tell you what Sonification is. I will then motivate some of the reasons why we want to use Sonification in research including astronomy, I would do a brief introduction to the tool itself that we are creating called Astronify, there are other people doing this quite a lot actually but I will talk about our own participation. Then we will start doing our own example using real telescope data with real alien planets orbiting other stars in using sound to interpret the data. And then I will play some additional sounds in your job will be too able to count how many times that pregnant might have cross the surface of a star. Let's see how good we do. As the outline for the presentation. So I will start off by explaining what Sonification is. They were going to do it by telling you what it is not. What it is not is sounds that are produced in nature. Where the sound is the data. So what I'm currently showing on the screen right now the upper left is a picture of a tube on a tripod sitting at the bottom of the ocean. It's called a hydrophone, and the ocean scientist use this to record sound and sound travels really well in water and they can contact things are many away. And they are recording sounds to study our client of things like geology events animals like whales and the qualms they make. And earthquakes under this event. But in this case, the sound itself is the data that researchers are gathering. So this is not Sonification. Closer to home, another great example is a beautiful spring day outside today when you open your window hopefully you hear birds when you do. Birds are another example of where the sound itself is the data. The bird sounds are not Sonification. And on the upper left I have a picture for researchers in the field and their holding various recording devices because the data they are gathering is sound itself. Doesn't make sense everyone? Good. So then what is Sonification Scott? Sonification is using sound to represent other data. Most of us are familiar with the perfect example of this. If I show you a picture of this United States, and I colored it red and blue and yellow and orange, and I asked you what part of the country is hot today without telling you the numbers, both of you will be able to give me the right answer because we are used to seeing Carlos used to represent temperatures. An it's on things like weather maps. This is an example of when our television people have been better to use colors to represent pieces of data. Temperatures for example. Now, you can also, and you should, but we don't do enough, use other things to represent the temperature nuggets including sound. So for example you can imagine a map of the United States that has colors like red down in Florida, and then blue worm firm in New England, and also when you move your mouse or finger over it it will play a sound. Mayville play really high-pitched sound when it's hot, or low pitch sound when it's cold. You're using sound the way you use color to represent temperature in this case. And you're making it more accessible because people who are color-blind cannot see it all in this color map would be useless to them. But the sun would be better. And if you can experience that you give reinforced things. It's red and also high-pitched that means it's hot. I also know that red is hot because what I hear high-pitched it's right. When it comes to accessibility, the answer is always do more things together. It's always done. so that is what Sonification is. Hopefully that makes sense to you all. So there's a couple of reasons why we want to use this, first and foremost the human ear is actually better architecting small changes in the ice. A typical human ear can distinguish over 1,000 frequencies of song and you are sensitive to changes at the microsecond level. So, that is 11 millionth of a second people are sensing things with their ears. Whether you appreciate it or not. The human eye is on the other hand are limited to about a hundred -- the changes 11 in a hundred. And this is the reasons why television and monitor companies are not making thousand frames per second in a million frames per second monitors. It's too expensive and you often they don't need it despite the Vita gators like think screen. Your eyes are simply not sensitive to changes much faster than a change in your ears. The ears, they are very sensitive to detecting change. In astronomy like a many scientist things are changing a very interesting. Another example of complexity data. What I'm sharing right now on the screen is a chart or a grid of graph paper and a simple example would be to say hey I want to measure the age of the baby as it grows. So, I would like to measure every month how much it weighs, make sure it's going in a healthy way. Most of us, most students in basic training can make a single talk of saying hey every month the baby started I may be 7 pounds north of the 12 and such like that. And you can make a point and make another point and use your graph paper to grow your line and that your data and it's pretty easy able to represent easy to qualify or Sonification which also you later. If you want to measure the height and weight of a person you have three things you have to keep track of. Yes he is three dimensional graph to do that. The good news is you can't do this, humans can actually see in three dimensions it turns out. And so, it is a bit more complex. But you can make a graph where you use alternate dimensions height and width and depth, and you can find out where a given management will follow along all three of these axes and make a chart you come up with a cloud of colors. A little harder to interpret, you might need to be able to do things like rotate and spin around your plot to see what is really happening but you can't do it. And you can do it in on the web or virtual reality way are way to explore clouds. Okay so far, so good. But what if I have in a case of astronomy were years studying, now that you might have 27 gimmick parameters you want to try and visualize at the same time it is not going to happen. Because, we cannot see and for the or beyond. If you can raise your hand I have questions for you. [Laughter] So, instead, if you want to stick to the visuals we are forced to do things like represent the different data sets with even more properties of the data points up trying to plot. So for example, I am signing another chart but at this time instead of just having black little circles where I make measurements now I have to do things like say okay I will use different shapes with different symbols to represent whether you are a teenager or middle-age man or another senior citizen. And then I will use a color to represent something like your temperature in your body over the sides of the shape to keep track of your blood oxygen level. It becomes a mess. In trying to represent this visual. Sound however is inherently multidimensional. You can change lots of properties of sound and we are all very equipped to be able to understand and synthesize those different sounds. I'm not saying you're be able to understand certification of complication but without training but anymore they finance the first greater house officer doing. But with training, and experience, things like changing pitch and tone and the type of content may, and audio, I can change whether this is coming from the left of the right of room up or from the floor back or forward. We've all been to movie theaters with good 3D surround sound systems right? You understand how this can be used to represent different parts of your data inherently. So sun can be used to understand and look for analysis of highly dimensional complex data. In the last one, the most important in many cases is its accessibility. If I show you charts they are not accessible if you cannot see the screen. But if I were to include sound without chart, and makes the data more accessible. And as you heard earlier there is no good reason why astronomy has been a visible science other than just historical bias. We have many, many decades or centuries beyond someone going out in Europe funded by some king or whatever, and taking the telescope and looking at the stars and saying that is bright. It's what is it? Give me a size, once the data we analyze is not an optical wavelength. And as you can see example looking at infrared. They absorb in the ultraviolet which is usually blocked by Earth atmosphere for good reason thankfully we do not get horrible cancer because of that. But it's a difficult to observe in the UV in this -- and many continued also. None of us can see survive because if you do I have questions for you if you can. So we can and should include other ways in interpreting nonhistorical ways of taking a picture and looking at it and trying to make measurement data. So that's the motivation for using sound in particular using sound with and combined with other devices like haptics and visuals. So I'm going to show some examples of some of the vacation days of the tools that we've created here called Astronify, and were going to start off not by using astronomy data at all, don't worry we'll get there, but it's important to ground ourselves in expectation. Some going to play for you a couple of Sonification that are based on sandwich pictures. To give you a sense of what the sample look like before we look at real data from stars. So, it's an open source Python package and it was a roughly year-long package for a team to work on are we now were working on down the side. It is open-source. It's on GitHub. In one of those is called pitch matching. Again, going back to the baby changing its weight over time if you make a graph on the graph paper with the sound software does is it takes its data .100 same and it turns your measurements 7 pounds. A 9 pounds. Her 12 pounds or into different size. they can imagine one way of doing this is by saying hey, as the value and measuring the gravy in this case goes up, I can choose to make this sound riser pitch. I can make a go route in pitch, Argie used different types of sounds, I can make is a lot of choices but that's an example. So what this software does is he looks at the measurement and makes the sound in the mix another one and another one. And it's all customizable, so you can change things like how long ceased on play for he as it goes from point-to-point and you can also change how fast it plays each data point as well as properties of what how much it's is valued to of sound. Making sense so far? All right let's and bosons here to regular Telstar capabilities. Before I go along, I do want to give a shout out to our team. Jen is a big shout out to her, Claire who is now studying her PhD in astronomy at St. Andrews in Scotland. They might be online but I'm not sure. Myself of course, an end Kate Meredith. And it couldn't be done without all of their hard work and dedication sellers and thank you. Okay, so we will start a firm with a simple example. I would play something like 24 or so measurement in this data is boring because it doesn't do anything. It is the same value over and over and over again. They get a sense of what I mean of when I say is going to play one sound per data. So you see or hear something like twice -- and no play with a small overlap so it's a continuous sounding you should hear it okay let's give it a try and see how things go. [sound is playing]

The sound was more or less the same pitch it each point make sense? Now will make it more interesting certification. Here I have some values about 24 again and there's some odd number of them and they're going to be changing from low to high and a constant study step. To this is basically at a diagonal line of data points if that makes sense. So, for they Sonification, I have chosen to make it as a value increases, the pitch goes up so if you hear a higher pitch that is a higher value. Let's see what that looks like a sounds like. [sound is escalating]

PresenterSounds like something's incoming right? But it makes sense. What the data is doing. In this site it steadily increased in value. And its usefulness is there. Next April's going to give you is the top of the triangle before a player, I want you want to think about what is the top of the triangle look like and imagine yourself with your eyes closed and feel in the top of the wooden block of a triangle and knowing what the previous example was, and what that sounded like a constant rise what you think the top of the triangle certification should sound like and that I will played in just the second and see if that matches what you might intuitively expect so here we go. Top of the triangle. [sound is playing]

Presenter: up-and-down document expected and constantly increasing in both direction. The last example I have is the top of the circle. And again, imagine the sleep of the top of the circle and what that feels like and what it's doing. And geometrically. And what the triangle sounded like and think about how you might expect the certification a set of data points that has that shape in the cracks on here we go with the last example [sound is playing in the shape of a circle]

Presenter: Anybody here a difference from the triangle on the circle? If I played your again and asked you without showing you I bet you most of you could guess which was a triangle which once a circle right. The circle sounded more gradual as it rise and that the middle of the circle like the ship itself the sound is not changing as much overtime. So that's the basics of Sonification using shapes. Okay, now that's going to space. Now I'm going to sew some Sonification a real data. The concept is the same. But I showed you before was a collection of data points that Jess had arbitrary values that make shapes like triangles and circles. But what I'm showing you NASA's actual data of brightness of stars as a function of time. This is called a light curve, something that a lot of astronomers do a lot of times going back to that European astronomers staying at stars in measuring how bright they are is a fundamental aspect of what to do strongly and understand objects in space. Usually what we do is make sure the brightness of an object and we can make a chart because again is only two things evolve here. Is the object and when you observed it. That's what I refer to as one dimensional data right? Going back to the example of the date baby and its weight over time. I need to make a mark on my graph paper and how bright the object is and when I observed it that day. There's only two parameters here. Normally, what we would do is make a chart. We may collect those lines and make a couple curves to study average stars are changing are not overtime. But here we want to satisfy commerce but what I'm saying is this plot is a chart of a real-life curve from a telescope call Kepler. I don't have the data points but they are there. You know you see in the line and it describes the shape. In this particular object starts off with some value in its fade quickly gets bright very sharply. And then gradually over time it becomes to fade and that there is the very end of this particular set of observations the star brightens just a little bit, little bump at the end and then he goes back down again. To that the description of the shape and going to play the actress on a vacation doing the same thing we did with the shapes but this time apply to real data. [sound is playing]

Presenter: Okay. So that's what a coupler like curve sounds like. Not literally, remember you not measuring sound but in most cases we are using this on to represent what the data point is feeling. If you're really careful I can played again, but at the very and see if you can actually detect a second bump towards the very end. So let's play this again for everyone. [sound is playing] There is a little wobble at the end of that little bump the Tennessee. So, that is real data. And it is really important because some of these missions like TES S which is flying right now and orbiting the work Mark it's staring at stars to help understand how they change and how things like things go over planets and the stars themselves and black hole is how all things change in brightness and one of the specifics behind it. So this is a very common data set that a lot of astronomers use and analyze. We've heard XO plans before, thanks to our public outreach friends they were able to explain what it is but it's simple. It's planets that are orbiting any planets that are not the son. So these are quite literally alien worlds. When I grew up in junior high school in 1995 when the first real Exoplanet opening a star like this done unlike the sun was announced. I wasn't 30 years ago and we still didn't have any real direct evidence of planets absorbing that -- now we are understanding what they're made out of gets there is thousands of them and were understanding the differences and ultimately try to search for the presence and frequency of them whether life was common or uncommon in them or whether a worker to find. So one of the ways you can try to find planets is to stare at her star for a long. Of time and measure very precisely how bright the store is. And if we wait patiently enough, we might be able to see when a planet orbiting a star happens to cross in front of another star in our line of sight. Much like solo walking front of a project in a movie theater. When they walk so what in the movie. You say down in front. In this case we really want to see that because by measuring how much light is blocked or how much it is blocked for and ultimately other properties, you can figure out how things the big the planet is and what is made out of and will begin analyze that light. In the shape it makes as it walks or as it orbits in front of the star is there a U-shaped dip. Or when it blocks different amounts of the stars face, and then goes through most of the star, and it's most of it is blocked and then at the end it orbits outside of the start. And then we have to wait for itself or orbits all the way around the star again and then it will cross again. But if we see these repeated crossings, that can tell us that there is a planet around a star. The earth takes 365 days to go around the sun once that is called a year here. I know this is brand-new information for all of you. But Ann Merkley, the closest planet to the sun orbits around the star and 88 days. That's how long it's years last. But somebody's planets all the way around it orbits the star in hours. That's how long the year is. It is unexpected when they first refined and then in very different solar systems. Other planets are so low that we haven't seen them come back again yet even though we live boot orbiting for a long. Of time. So there's lots of lots of different data. And this is how we try to look for. Now, you can make a plot or a chart of the stage brightness and makes a U-shaped like I said. You can also turn this into sound power with the help of your analysis and make it more accessible. So I'm showing on the slide right here is a plot of the brightness of a real star in zooming in where a little while the star is not doing much and then about in the halfway point of the plot, there is a sharp drop in the brightness of the star and the planet is crossing in front of it and blocking some of the stars light. And then it moves on its merry way in the stock goes back to its normal level of brightness. It is called a transit. So the data itself, looks like the letter you basically and there's a little bit of work was going on because the measurements are not perfect and the star itself is changing a little bit so looks like a wiggly rag really looking U. So I'm going to make the same Sonification and brightness as it decreases in brightness and couldn't make the sound drop. That is my choice I could choose other things but let's see how the sound like. [sound in the shape of E.U.]

Presenter: You she here pretty clearly the sound of the job. As I've mentioned, what we really want to do is look for repeated tips because that tells us for sure that something is orbiting. And the more you can watch it the better you can measure its properties. So here's another example of a light curve. This is about nine days worth of data and is from the space telescope. And they are three events. Three times that are planet orbiting the star block some of the light. So, what I'm plotting in this graph is sort of a more or less constant level of star brightness. There is a little bit of a graduate drop, but are three distinct times roughly different space there is a drop in brightness caused by a planet blocking the light. The same plan each time. The difference of how long it takes for us to come back again tells of how long the years. So in this case, the planet itself go the other way around the star in about four and a half days. Which is pretty short compared to the earth or Mercury, but not too uncommon for a lot of stars in our galaxy's. So let's listen to the Sonification and see if you can hear those three distinct dips. Here we go. [sound moving] So that's what we're using for Sonification, and in this example that anyone also here and it might be a little hard but the gradual overall? A decrease in the pitch? So on the graphic so if can sort of see why this is not exactly why it's perfectly flat. The star is gradually decreasing but for other physical reasons. It is interesting you can hear that. All right. So, who's ready for the interaction part. All the rain. So, you will be listening to three more examples of real data from real planets causing these dips. Your challenge, as you listen to the Sonification, is to count how many transits occur in each certification. And, I am not going to show you the graph the first time I play the sound in case anyone wants to train cheap. And then, after everyone has a chance to count I will show you the sound individual together so you can see how. Okay. And then if you want to online, feel free to find the chat if you want to put indexes in the chat please feel free through and here in the room to hold up your fingers or it showed her how many you think you are and feel free you don't have to you can always keep in your head. So here we go, first real trance curve right data. I'm sorry -- I wanted to remind you everyone that what we're expecting to hear, so this is the same when I show before, the light curve with three transit we will listen to a warmer time to make sure you all are grounded in what we expected and I show you. So here's one more baseline certification. [sound is moving]

That's an example case a new data here we go. I will play for each certification. Certification number one [Sonification] Let's hear it one more time. I have a bunch of hands up who have the writing two. I didn't do it on purpose, based on how many figures you have. But you are correct. There are in fact five distinct transits. Do we have numbers on the check? Nice. Yes, sometimes it's tricky we can be off by one, and cheated a little bit because normally would go ahead and listen to the public probably two or three times before you have a real -- but he had a great job even though with just one. So we'll play it again, here's the actual plot of the data. It looks like many of the other ones where the star is hanging out was in brightness and there's five big tips on this planet. You will also notice for those of you looking at the plot that has led to the between each big dip is another small little did. The law hard to see what you might be able to see if it is much, much much smaller it's a hundred times less deep than the main goods. This is a real effect, this is actually the planet itself going behind the star and the telescope is so sensitive and not only finds out when the planet blocks the starlight but also can detect that hate you I'm missing something when the planet goes behind the sign that the actual planet itself not adding to the overall light what is behind the star. That's on the secondary. So if you're really, really careful you might be able to hear that second little did that happen halfway through between each bigger day. So let's play woman time here we go. [sound is playing] All right, those are the five tips. A gang year timing may vary depending on the quality of this beginning to room in your ability to interpret the noise, but if you had some practice I bet you could pick up that sound a little bit more. Okay, here's a more challenging work. Your neck and be able to use one hand for this one I'll give you that much of a hand. So keep the account going here we go [sound is playing] 19? Anyone in the check us in 19? Won you guys are good. Indeed, there are I think 19 transits in this. Again, the stars are hanging out a notice that smaller dipping between each one, that is also real effect. And they're actually making tractors. If I told you this is the same amount -- and I know I tried to explain about how the interval determines the orbit is this one even closer or farther away? From the previous one? It's closer. Because it happens that many more times. So leaving that basic size tells us that this orbital. Of this planet is much, much much shorter than the previous one right? So let's listen to this warmer time to see the visuals and begin make sure you double check my map that I have 19 correctly. [sound is playing] All the rights. So here's the last example will move towards. Here's another transits, and I will go ahead and play it. And while you're listening to it on my plate twice. And there is a unique little thing that happens that happens towards the very end and I see you freaking crazy law what's happening there. So listen very carefully why each countable year ago. [sound is playing] Shall I played again? All right here we go I will play one more time I lets do this. [sound is playing] Their first how many transits? Three yes. Frequent 3. People online have not guessed yet but spoilers. Anybody here's something interesting towards the very end? What you hear? A wobble?

A high-pitched tone right at the end.

That's right there was a high pitch you may have thought that because of something wrong with the system but no don't worry fellas this is what the light curve looks like. There was wobbly going on this is a real effect on the star which is probably worth called a star spot, which is a cool part of the atmosphere they're telling us how fast the star itself is rotating in this part of the store was darker than other parts coming in and out of view. And we have a fine curve up and down like wavy, then we have these big dips because of planet we don't care about, but at the very, very, very end, there is a spike. A really high-pitched bike. That was really high-pitched arrogant almost like it was a hearing test. And, that is one of two things, either at ports a calibration era a mistake, or most likely this is a flare. This is something myself I study additive study this this and that. And I'm a bit of a nerd when it comes to what I would like to study, but this flare is like an event where the start itself with magnetic show comes together and it bursts. And there's a lot of interesting effects when that happens on the star because both layers and questions about whether the planet is close to the stars like they have been a lot. The sun flares once in a while. Some of you may have remembered in the past when there's a big flare sometimes it can cause problems with IDBS for electronics or causes the increase in the Aurora because of the medic field interaction, and if it's really bad it can cause blackouts which happens at least once. Thankfully the sun doesn't do that too often. But there are some starts with different types that love to flare. And it causes a bit of a ruckus and some of them have planets around the movie of big questions about what they might look like and what they do. It's really interesting end of the graduated but our play woman times but this time don't worry about the planet just to listen for the energy then here for the end, listen for the really short high-pitched deep which is that flare. Here we go. [sound is playing] And there is that P. That is that flare. And like I said, there is some starts with players that beep all the time. They beeped and beeped and beeped some very interesting make sure of alien planets them going around. All right. That is the end of our game show. If you had fun, if you want to share this with your family and friends we have some surveys online here in SurveyMonkey. And you can listen to more examples and texture is and your friends and colleagues use to see how many flares and planets you can find. And some of them are much, much higher than what I shared with you today. I gave it an easy introduction. A yard did pretty well. There are some that are much harder because the harder the data is the heart of the employees. Caps and fun with that. If you would like to learn more about Estrada fighting to your software, I get access to the surveys you can find all of the information on our home page. And like I said, the links to source close itself is available we welcome contribution and anyone who wants to grab a branch just to work on it they are examples of how to satisfy your own data. Especially for astronomers in the room. I would love it if in the future you give a pro give appropriate visitation meaning they don't show the plot of the spectrum are your light fixture. It will slowly grow I think in our field. To get used to that in a way of doing it. And also surprisingly you might find out why your data is. I said we love to hear how you be able to use this in your plans. In their final like I said give them joy a net so please get all that good information at a stratified thought read the docs that I owe. that is Astronify Dot read the docs Dot I owe. And if you Google search Astronify nobody is still in her name yet. So you will probably find our -- she should OCO contact me at anytime. Thank you for your attention I will happily answer any questions. [Applause]

SCSU hands already I see a few of them already.

I'm just curious what the instrument is and why that sound? Also thank you.

Presenter: Gray Christian, that in itself is a great choice we make it Sonification, are software -- we chose to use tone versus wire or will instruments because we thought that would focus the attention of what the data is doing. We also felt that we would avoid biases because, music have a lot of conscious and subconscious cultural interpretations and emotions. an even basic things spike most of us are used to Western music. The fundamental differences exist, we just use it. So view used exec water Lindsay -- there's a danger of introducing unintended analysis. But, there are other people who are using more like instrumental sound to represent data. The jury is out, but best the reason we chose these towns for our version. Great question.

Hello it is Josh. I am just curious, how come when we hear the dips do we continue to hear the tone?

Continue to hear?

The tone itself doesn't stop, I would expect the tone to drop down to be a trough, but instead will be here is that the tone continues to those jobs but we also hear the low frequencies are just curious why that is? Is that an artifact of your certification? Was that the way the grace that the is visualized?

Presenter: There is to address your question. first of many creation was happening during the drop is a combination of the stars blocking but the stars continuing to change. Especially because of the surface itself. So there's an additional wiggling happening that what changes what you hear. Nothing to be a concept flat bottom in most cases. But the other thing to note is that there is some overlap in each note. And there is some intentional overlap between previous notes and the next note. And you're probably hearing that because the amount of times most of the steps occur is very short compared to the time it is not. So you are probably hearing the overlap and residuals of the previous notes which were adenoma brightness they heard the dipping continued onward. This a couple of reasons for that, there's obviously a lot of ways to customize it but one of the reasons we did have overlap us because we don't do that we get clicking happening in the sound when there is a gap between the no. We found that really distracting. Silly clothes for these certifications to have that. And there is a great question.

All right, I hope this is in the silly astronomy question -- what is the transit to? What if the picks change? saw the last one you showed, it was slightly tired, and then the next morning the next one?

Great question. Because the overall brightness itself is changing. If there was a -- if the style was admitting 1.00000 exactly amount of light every time, the pitch was always the same, you were here only to exact science. Full brightness and not so brightness and then nothing. But what is happening there is two things. Number one, the overall pattern itself is not perfectly is flatlined. It is changing. That could be two reasons. Number one we didn't calibrate the data perfectly and that happens it's hard, but never too many times the stars themselves are changing for many reasons and many timescales. So, if I would have to guess, most likely and I'm glad you heard that because that's interesting but most likely what is happening is that the star itself is over a long time is over changing. So you're seeing the steps on top of the gradual overall shape. That's probably what's happening is probably will physics.

Thank you.

You're welcome.

Thank you. This is Margaret. So, are you using this to do actual data analysis? Do you listen to your data in the car while jogging? [Laughter] That's a great question. I, will the easy answer is I don't have that time but I would like to because I can, it is important part of analysis and requires training but I do try to do that when I get back to look at them like us. So, my hope was that myself and others will actually include this in the other sort of analysis. What are the things that we did is we actually went to the MIT team the NAT running the test mission and they have a bunch of people who are part of the job is to look at all these light curves and tried to find out which ones they have. And they do it right now by using a combination of a bunch of measurements they made with software and looking that up bunch of times. And they said hey let's include silent, so we do a little demo and got feedback. It was really interested to learn what part of the light curves they care about and how icky you sounds to amplify that. But yes, my hope is that people will do this. I do have a plate as well to make a test already at support because they are literally hundreds of billions of measurements of stars of different stars that have light curves. So I can make a radio station that plays those sounds one after the other and you would not do anything to do anything for years. Because we have so much data. So that can be fun. That is a thing that can happen. It's my dream.

Have you done stereo certification or broad-spectrum noise was frequent re-structure similar how human ears can hear and sound in front of a listener question my

That's a great question we have not explored that yet. But there are teams who are using stereos and three-dimensional songs as part of the certification in particular images so all certification tools is one big national data. Such rugs. There are teams who are working on certification images and they are there do things they claim the left part of the image and love featured in the right part of the image of the right speaker. And that gives you a lot of good sense of where you are and that's a great question.

We have time for one more question. And I think I saw your hand if for a while.

Hello this is Shane. I am just curious about scales of things as in like timescales or different tones will be a how much experience dictation have you done with that. And thinking you can hear a rhythm of something if it's a short enough interval. And if it's too long, you can be like that is is that action an interview? Or is it consistent or not?

There's a good question. There's two factors there. One is sort of the overall why the vertical dimension of the value how much is changing. If I have a value who goes 14 oh billion I have to make sure you don't blow out your Ella Jones when I make sounds. Or I don't play pitch their Louis Dorsey here which is not good great I don't want to give doxed PDFs -- but the code itself is normalizing the data but makes it a little challenging if you trying to direct comparisons between things that you do want to play like sequentially at their changing our lives and their absence dementia. And that's after they try to figure out how to do well. Here the problem we have his time. I play relatively short clips but some of these measurements have thousands of data points even if I may each data point last half a second were listening to like a minute or longer sound than anything to forget when you heard it earlier. So were trying to come out with in the latest version will be called tips, but just like hey here's a big pot that has 10,000 data points and I don't want to listen to a five minute tone that sounds horrible right? But I do when I get a sense of what they're doing so were trying to break it up into pieces and play short 52nd overall sound that represents the data to help. You could always speak of these things so fast without the detail. So these are all great questions and similar challenges when it comes to making this that doesn't just sound scope of represents that data. I think Dan is good.

Thank you Scott and think info for your questions. [Applause]